This post is the first part of Magistra Andalusia's attempt to briefly introduce critical literary theories. Deconstruction theory, developed by Jacques Derrida, is an approach to criticism that focuses on understanding and analyzing texts. Derrida challenges the idea that texts have fixed or definitive meanings. He argues that meaning is always provisional and subject to change depending on context and interpretation. 

One of the key concepts in deconstruction is “differance,” which describes how meaning is shaped by difference and delay. According to Derrida, meaning cannot be understood directly; instead, it is always involved in a network of relationships with other meanings. Thus, every text contains ambiguities and contradictions that can be uncovered through analysis. 

Derrida also criticizes the dualism and hierarchy that often appear in Western thought, as expressed in the opposition between written and spoken, or subject and object. He argues that these dualisms often ignore the complexity and uncertainty inherent in meaning. Through deconstruction, Derrida seeks to show how texts can be read and interpreted variously, opening up space for broader understanding. 

In this way, deconstruction becomes not only a method of literary analysis, but also a tool for questioning cultural, philosophical, and political norms. The theory invites us to look deeper and consider that every statement or text has more than one meaning, allowing for diverse and inclusive interpretations.

By: EIC